As far as supra-national level is concerned (ie. ECtHR, since EU law does not do medical stuff, generally), really not that much. The ECtHR calls it its first judgment on mandatory vaccination on children. Which is kind of strange as there is Boffa and Others v San Marino from much earlier, but still, vaccination is not an area in which there is a settled case law.
But today's case got decided on the basis of margin of appreciation ("it is a difficult and political question so as long as you [the state] don't do something extraordinarily stupid, we are okay with whatever you do") so it doesn't really change all that much except taking wind out of sails of vaccination opposers who claim that it is totally against their rights to vaccinate. Still, as far as vaccination goes, this is a kind of a landmark case.
(that is as long as these opposers don't pick up religion claims as these were not the subject of the present case)