Amman d Stazia
Master Knight
DarkThug said:1) How does it different from having a shield ?
2) Dual wielding has never been standard equipment for any army in the west, true. I didn't argue with that, I just wonder why.
3) battle in mediaval Europe is actually nothing more than non-standard raid. This make me also question usage of spearwall or shieldwall which was claimed making dual wielding useless. Since most encounter wasn't aim to be decisive battle, in what situation this formation is used and how often ?
1) a secondary weapon, while useful in melee or to offer different options in different situations (eg, your primary weapon is a spear, your secondary a short mace) offers nil protection against ranged weaponry. That's the advantage of a shield. It is primarily a large protective barrier but has the secondary ability to unbalance or distract an opponent when used in offensive fashion.
Also, unlike a secondary weapon in melee, the shield can be used as a battering ram. You don't have to worry about where it hits the enemy, you just lean into it and shove them back, off-balance. That lets your friends - who are standing close behind you with spear in hand - get a good hit on the enemy.
2) in Europe, back in the Roman Empire age, much of the terrain was already opened up by humans: forests were cleared, hillsides ploughed, roads built. The rise of the Roman style of war with a disciplined force responding to central command, rather than the Celtic style with many small groups responding only to immediate, local leadership, meant that a large force wanted to fight in a relatively open battlefield to allow communication and oversight.
The rise of ranged weapons was not tied to this, but a seperate factor: Ranged weapons allowed a force to attack and damage an enemy without suffering casualties themselves. Obviously the other force would also employ ranged weapons to counter this.
So when combat did occur, it was normally in a relatively open area, with ranged weapons on both sides. This led to a preference for shields rather than multiple weapons.
Also, the tactics evolved for melee combat were those of close-packed groups, mutually assisting and protecting each member of the group. Each member of the group was supposed to use his shield to protect his neighbour as well as himself, and to attack his neighbour's opponent if the opportunity arose, as well as attacking his own direct opponent.
The (im)practicalities of using more than one weapon, and trying to defend against multiple opponents without a shield, mean that a two-weapon fighting technique did not evolve.
3) tactics evolved in order to give the military unit the best possible chance of success whilst maximising denial of opportunity to the opposing force.
In the context of groups of armed men raiding and burning, it still made sense even for only eight or ten men to work closely together offering mutual protection and support. Formations were used WHENEVER POSSIBLE by those who had the knowledge and discipline to use them. With the advantages of mutual support and protection that formations offered, it was a no-brainer.