One thing I've mentioned is that Chinese system relies heavily on the Mandate of Heaven influence and the agricultural society, and hence, supply lines is always an issue.
In the later Han (Eastern Han) it was not the XiongNu but the Western Hill/Forest tribes (Qiang, 羌)that finally exhausted the Han Dynasty.
In Tang Dynasty, it's not the northern Goturks (突厥) nor 回紇, but the Himalayan Plateau Tu (吐蕃)Tibetan empire in the mountains that were the actual threats.
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And it's very funny if you think about it for 3000 years, initially the threats to China started from predominantly North by the pre XiongNu nomads, in later Han, it turns to West with the Qiang uprising and endless culling, Then South West by the tibetan TuBo and Mongol had to go all the way around b4 eliminating Song Dynasty....then South by Western nations in the Ming Dynasty through GuangZhou, then East by Japan in late Qin early Republic..... all the way around a circle
In the later Han (Eastern Han) it was not the XiongNu but the Western Hill/Forest tribes (Qiang, 羌)that finally exhausted the Han Dynasty.
In Tang Dynasty, it's not the northern Goturks (突厥) nor 回紇, but the Himalayan Plateau Tu (吐蕃)Tibetan empire in the mountains that were the actual threats.
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And it's very funny if you think about it for 3000 years, initially the threats to China started from predominantly North by the pre XiongNu nomads, in later Han, it turns to West with the Qiang uprising and endless culling, Then South West by the tibetan TuBo and Mongol had to go all the way around b4 eliminating Song Dynasty....then South by Western nations in the Ming Dynasty through GuangZhou, then East by Japan in late Qin early Republic..... all the way around a circle
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