The Bowman said:
By studying different development patterns of cultures throughout history, I found it interesting that smaller and more primitive communities tend to be inherently more gender inclusive, meaning that men and women shared quite similar roles, stretching as far as taking female warriors in battles.
The more numerous and developed the community gets, the more it seems like males and females are the subject of division of labor, consequently creating a ridge between their rights and roles.
Kortze26 said:
From what I recall of my anthropology education, women were important in hunter gatherer societies , not because of their equal prowess, but because of the 20% greater processing power in olfactory function (smell and taste) which helps to read the wind to determine the direction of game and in scavenging in determining level of rot when finding a random carcase.
It's important to note that these are all just theories with varying levels of evidence to support them.
The problem is that there are tons of exceptions to both these theories. A lot of hunter-gatherer-herder societies are intensely patriarchal, possibly because women are expected to spend a lot of time pregnant or looking after children. Also, agricultural societies can range from the full-on matriarchies in western china, to Saudi Arabia.
Women aren't actually naturally "weaker" than men in a noticeable way, they just have lower strength ceilings at the Olympic level, and don't build muscle as quickly, although there is tons of overlap, and the strongest woman in the world is stronger than most male strongmen. The main reason that we assume women are weaker is because a weak woman is considered attractive in much of the world (for a number of reasons), so women who want to fit in don't do press-ups.
Therefore the kind of "strength determinism" arguments some people make don't really hold much water. More likely there's a number of unrelated reasons why a society might become patriarchal or matriarchal or something in between, and they remain the root causes even when they've become arbitrary or obsolete, since it's extremely hard for a society to change without some massive upheaval, or near total population replacement (Europe is still mostly patriarchal after 4000+ years of war, migration, socioeconomic revolution and so on, while my parents come from Jamaica which is Matriarchal seemingly with no precedent whatsoever).
There is always a starting point for every element of a society, but since (m/p)atriarchy is just a way of organising labour, the reasons might have been as simple as "men have deeper voices and are better at coordinating a hunt", and then all their descendants for 100,000 years did the same.