G36E said:
Well, why would you be firing an MG upside down?
It is unlikely that infantry MG's would be mounted on aircrafts (where you may shoot from upside-down position), but anti-aircraft tripods may allow you to fire upside-down when following a crossing target. However, the reason why modern MG should always use controlled loading and not to rely on gravity is:
You fire a few bursts at a target.
You pick up the MG and change position.
You drop to ground and have to roll sideways to get into new firing position.
You set up the MG and fire... and the gun jams because the ready cartridge on loading bridge had gone to wrong position when you rolled.
A weapon should be totally reliable on all situations. It is no excuse that some situation is not very common.
G36E said:
Since a lot of weapons use in-line configuration, nothing amazing there.
About in-lining and muzzle flip...
There are some problems in designing in-line configuration rifle. The problem is that the stock comb may become too high, especially if there is moving components within the stock. This high comb usually means that rifle must have riser sight.
M16 is in-line rifle with riser sights: http://world.guns.ru/assault/m16.jpg
SIG 550 is in-line rifle with normal sights: http://world.guns.ru/assault/sig_sg550_family.jpg
Depending on the cartridge type, 20-50% of the total recoil is caused by the high-velocity propellant gases exiting form barrel. A recoil compensator (aka. "muzzle brake") re-directs the propellant gases, while sound suppressor slows down the gas flow to sub-sonic velocity. These effects can be easily demonstrated by having a gun with removable suppressor and loading a couple of blank cartridges.
Instead of porting the barrel, some AKM designs used "spoon muzzle" to reduce muzzle flip. This means that the muzzle was cut diagonally so that much of the muzzle blast was directed up. Main problem with porting and and spoon muzzle was that the shooter would see more and more of the bright muzzle flash, and this would reduce his ability to see in dark.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Izhmash_AKM_Assault_Rifle.jpg
Adding a recoil compensator to the muzzle would reduce the total recoil and help to control the muzzle flip. However, the recoil compensator usually spread the muzzle blast so that the blast is highly visible and the sound pressure level at shooters ears increases. Some recoil compensators turn the muzzle blast backwards, but these are extremely loud for the shooter, and may kick up sand to shooters eyes when fired from prone position.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image
GM-Hecate-seul-img_1008.jpg
Sound suppressor reduces the recoil, eliminates the muzzle flash and reduces muzzle blast. The suppressor itself do not reduce the bullet velocity, so suppressed assault rifle is still quite noisy. Modern assault rifle with suppressor and normal ammunition will generate less than 140 dB sound, which means that you can shoot without hearing protection. Old suppressors were quite long, but modern telescoped suppressors add little to the weapon length.
http://guns.connect.fi/rs/g3suppr.jpg
I use TR-8 telescoping reflex suppressor with my SAKO M92, and I have never found any reason not to use it. If I close the gas port and use subsonic ammunition, the gun becomes very quiet and I can hear the hammer hitting firing pin during firing.
http://guns.connect.fi/rs/m95graaf.html