steelabjur
Recruit
Scutatus said:As I understand it the Rhompaia (and the closely related Falx) was a weapon almost unique to the Thracian peoples. As these peoples were largely absorbed into the Roman empire it seems to have fallen out of use. Unless I am mistaken it does not seem to be properly mentioned after the 2nd century - at least not until it is suddenly mentioned again in the descriptions of the Varangian Guard, over half a millennium later.
It is highly unlikely that the "Rhompaia" of the Varangian Guard from Byzantine records was actually a rhompaia. The rhompaia was not a weapon used in Scandinavia; if you are employing a people for their natural martial skills why would you then equip them with a weapon they cannot use very well? The Varangian guard "Rhompaia" is therefore commonly interpreted as being a two handed axe, rather than a rhompaia proper. Perhaps the Byzantines did not have a proper term for "dane axe". The Romans were infamously vague with their descriptions and quite commonly loosely interchanged terms to describe the same weapon. It appears that the Byzantines may well have continued this trend.
With this in mind, a two handed axe (which surely WAS in general use) is MORE plausible than an actual rhompaia.
I don't know where your getting the Rhompaia of the Varangian Guard was an axe when it's stated in The Alexiad (penned around 114 that they were "great iron swords". Even in modern Greek the name is preserved as meaning "a big broad sword". One would also assume contemporary scholars like Michael Psellos would know the difference between a bloody great sword and an axe (and he specifically called them rhomphaia) and described them as a "one-edged sword of heavy iron which they carry suspended from the right shoulder" in his Chronographia. All this is actually covered on the wiki page I linked.