Europe was pretty much backyard for most of the human existence. It rose to prominence for perhaps last 1000 years (if you put Romans in to comparison with Chinese which were pretty much on par). But really 1000 years is very little. If there is part of the world which was most influential up until today, it is Mesopotamia, Middle East and Eastern parts of Anatolia. That is where most of the agricultural revolution took place, civilisation was born, writing was invented, first cities were build and most of our religious concepts were put in to place. That happened some 8-10 000 years ago. Nothing more important was invented ever since I can think of.