Yes, they carry plenty of bombardment tubes and ordnance, including cyclonic torpedoes. What they lack is good space to space weaponry. Most of the hull is given over to support landing operations; primarily via drop pod or Thunderhawk transports; rather than space conflict. In theory they carry enough firepower to deal with even a capital ship, in practice most of that firepower is in torpedoes which depend upon penetrating the shield and point defences of the target to do damage. Against a battle cruiser it has no real answer to the forward lance batteries; against other races it can be even worse (Imperial torpedoes have a hell of a time with Eldar holo-fields, although on the other hand Tyrannids have problems defending against torpedoes).
While it's well protected, particularly against ground to orbit weapons, it would lose a battle decided on firepower alone against anything larger than an escort. Of course, the main threat is the marines it carries; the usual means of attack for a battle barge on a warship is to use ordnance to distract the enemy point defence while the assault pods and Thunderhawks deliver boarding parties to the enemy vessel. There's not many races which can compete with the marines in a boarding action.
While it's well protected, particularly against ground to orbit weapons, it would lose a battle decided on firepower alone against anything larger than an escort. Of course, the main threat is the marines it carries; the usual means of attack for a battle barge on a warship is to use ordnance to distract the enemy point defence while the assault pods and Thunderhawks deliver boarding parties to the enemy vessel. There's not many races which can compete with the marines in a boarding action.