1) Lictor
Painted urns from Volterra show cornicines and lictores attending victors or magistrates;
this lictor is copied from the Tomba del Convegno (Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia).
He is wearing the toga gabina and carries an iron double-axe (bipennis).
(2) Eques
An unusual urn from Volterra, representing the myth of Eteocles and Polynices,
shows the brothers dressed like Roman cavalrymen of the period, with Boeotian
helmets fitted with the geminae pinnae of Mars, shields of popanum typology,
leather armour (spolas), greaves, and short swords.
(3) Centurio
This Roman centurion, copied from an urn in Florence Museum,
wears a pseudo-Corinthian helmet fitted with a crista transversa.
His composite armour is made of leather (shoulder-guards), padded material (main corselet),
and on the chest bronze scales (squamae). Note his calcei boots, and the richly varied colours of his panoply.
(4) Guardsman
Reconstructed from the Sarteana urn, this Roman miles wears a late Montefortino helmet found in Forum Novum.
His body armour combines a bronze kardiophylax breastplate and a linothorax corselet. We have added a single left
greave and the curved oblong legionary scutum of his time; his weapons are the hasta and the deadly gladius hispaniensis.
(5) Magistrate
The absorption of Etruria into Rome saw leading Etruscan families climbing the government hierarchy.
This official, copied from the famous statue of Aule Metele, wears the toga exigua over a tunica; the latter’s
purple angusticlavi, and the gold ring on his left hand, identify him as a member of the equestrian order.
Hidden here, he would also be wearing high calcei boots with lingula, and fastened by corrigiae.