Throwing axes are inferior in every way to javelins, save for their bonus damage to shields. They do generally less damage, deal cut damage compared to piercing and have less ammunition in their stacks. Their bonus damage to shields don't even destroy shields that fast, and one stack of 3 throwing axes don't destroy a shield most of the time (I'm not counting the throwing perks which increase your units' damage to shields). They are arguably worse to use in melee mode than javelins, since javelins attack really fast due to being short polearms. At least throwing knives have a niche in being usable in civilian settings.
What would you suggest to make throwing axes useful in singleplayer?
What would you suggest to make throwing axes useful in singleplayer?