Ok, i'll give 496 kudos each to Ativan, Lighthouseguard and Aenarion.
The graph is a plot of n against n -(the sum of the divisors of n) from n=1 to n=64.
This graph shows some interesting patterns.
As you can see, the prime numbers all occur along the red line.
The teal line underneath runs through all numbers that are triples of prime numbers (such as 51, which is 17 x 3)
The blue line underneath that runs through all numbers that are doubles of primes. The slope of the line is half that of the red line.
All powers of two occur along the green line, and will never deviate from a value of 1.
The perfect numbers (6 and 2

are marked with purple and occur at the baseline.
All multiples of twelve (the extremely negative values) are marked with dark yellow. The relationship between values is not linear, and I cannot tell what it might be.
(here are the values)
12 -4
24 -12
36 -19
48 -30
60 -56
It doesn't resemble any pattern I know.
Lastly (and I forgot to draw this in), most square numbers appear much higher than the other numbers, often just below the prime numbers. This is because the square number has a repeating factor (say, 7x7 for 49), which is only counted once.
So yeah. There are some interesting patterns in this graph. Are there any others you can find?