YourStepDad said:
Thanks, although isn't the flintlock replacing the matchlock attributed to the late 17th century?
It took a great deal of time to completely make the transition over. Despite the recognized superiority of the flintlock and other designs matchlocks were still used by European armies up until about 1720. Even after that they were still used by civilians for some time. When civilians became militia they sometimes had to supply their own arms. Pirates also may have used them. Some obsolete arms also were kept in reserve in armories for a very long time as a hedge against demand for arms being greater than what can be supplied in a short time. The flintlock also of course continued to develop over time as well and new models were developed and adopted well into the 19th century.
My point is that it was a long process for each technology to be discovered, mature, become widely adopted, completely replace older technology, be further improved, have improvements adopted, and so on. It was not unusual to have several generations of technology coexisting for decades. The cost and logistics of replacing arms is a challenging task even today. When you are an empire spread across the globe where transport is slow and many threats are natives with technology that is much further behind it takes a while for widespread adoption to occur even if supply is able to keep up with demand and there are no budget constraints.
BenKenobi said:
What was the biggest battle among Indians (as in northern native americans)? I mean one tribe / confederacy against another one, not against Europeans / US.
We only have limited evidence for events in precolonial times but if I had to hazard a guess it would be one of the battles between the Aztecs and the Tarascan state or perhaps one of the other states as the Aztecs expanded. There was one battle in 1479 where 50,000 Tarascans engaged an invasion of 32,000 Aztecs and won with over 90% of the Aztecs killed or captured. That makes that battle even bloodier than the infamous Battle of Antietam during the U.S. Civil War. Even the surviving captured prisoners were often publicly executed during these expansion wars as well as the small scale Flower Wars.