In more layman terms, I want to ask why rely on sociology for the study of society when social psychology seems to be better rooted as a behavioural science. But I think the difference is that sociology is more culture focused, right? Culture probably not being something you can disregard in your study of society. But also something that is hard to ascertain because it's so intangible, which is why sociology gets a lot of smack, I think. Correct me if I'm wrong.
Thanks a lot Ulf. Hope it's cool if I sometimes use you.
My perspective is that it's a bit apples vs. oranges, that largely hinges on your background or training.
Psychologists on average tend to focus more on running experiments, sociologists tend to rely more on straight up surveys (psychologists also use surveys but there is usually some sort of manipulation or attempt to get at an underlying mechanism and surveys as I use them or more something to generate a variable that I can use to adjust for in my analysis) or more qualitative work. That being said, you have stuff like social network analysis which is really different from a lot of other sociological work.
To my mind, I think sociology gets more smack because sociology has more overlap with things like social theory (e.g., postmodernism, Marxism, , critical theory, etc.) which I would argue often have a very different perspective on what the goal of research is and what can be accomplished using science. In general sociology tends to still be very old school theory heavy (as far as I can tell), which isn't to say psychologists can't be dogmatic or have old theories we love, but there's defiantly far less of "spend three years of graduate school reading about papers or theories from 1800-1900). I think sociology still sort of has faculty and researchers that are for a lack of words pretty political or ideological. And while it's definitely true that psychology skews liberal/progressive, there really doesn't feel like there is as much place for ideology or critical theory (the closet psychology has is people who focus on social justice). Psychology in recent years has also started to push more towards computational approaches (like computational modeling) and work that overlaps with neuroscience (e.g., fMRI) which I think has shifted this divide even more (if you want good grant money right now, it's great to pitch a neuroimagnig study because NSF/NIH really want to see things like that).
There is also a kind of bias directed at qualitative work since it is pretty easy to dismiss if you want to (if I show you a super complicated mathematical model of how I think social vision works that employs machine learning and neuroimaging data, it's much harder for you to just say I'm wrong, but if I say I interviewed some people about their lives or experiences, it's pretty easy to just say it doesn't generalize). I would argue this is a bit unfortunate as qualitative work is actually very useful and people (both laypeople and researchers tend to overestimate how much you can conclude from quantitative work).
Most fields have become less focused on one level of study (e.g., no modern psychologist would try to argue culture doesn't matter or that things bigger than the individual are important to understand). There's also a shift towards more interdisciplinary work (for example, I basically do a combination of neuroscience, psychology, geospatial analysis, and social network analysis as part of my work), which I think is very needed and a lot of fun.
---
I used to be a social psychologist like Ulf, but then I took an arrow in the knee.
Industry is a tempting arrow.
I also alternate between identifying as a psychologist and cogn neuro person depending on how much neural data I want to distract people with.
Gotta keep the people guessing.