I've never tried this myself either. That's a good question hmm... I think in theory it should work out since the old ruler gets replaced by the new one, and they resume their business as usual. But again, I haven't tried this and this is just a guess, and is probably what you've been thinking too.
Usually after I help a claimant I either try to marry them or I defect and start my own kingdom lol. Because by the time we'd succeeded it's usually already fairly late into the game, and I already have my own troops and enough funds to start.